Abstract: The security system of rural disaster prevention and mitigation in China is not perfect, and the relevant research is not deep enough, therefore the rural areas often suffer serious losses. This study systematically reviews the existing national norms and research findings of rural disaster prevention and mitigation in China, and summarizes the characteristics of disaster prevention and mitigation in rural areas from seven aspects:construction planning, material reserve and allocation, industrial structure, population characteristics, information network, governance level, and cultural tradition. In addition, this study also proposes eight security systems of rural disaster prevention and mitigation, which include the rule of law guarantee system, planning and construction system, emergency planning system, publicity and education system, disaster early warning system, emergency rescue system, post disaster reconstruction system, and technical cooperation system. The findings of this study are expected to provide reference for disaster prevention and mitigation in villages and towns.